{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_7wLo923N7pz","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_7wLo923N7pz"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_7wLo923N7pz","staticId":"ucms_7wLo923N7pz","title":"这座袖珍的古镇上,却藏着蜀中第二巨佛","shareTitle":"这座袖珍的古镇上,却藏着蜀中第二巨佛","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/1C3E5446CB68EBDFAC549DAC874428D084894716_size16_w640_h224.jpeg","source":"走吧自驾游","author":"","editorcode":"weMedia","editTime":"2020-05-09 12:07:05","updateTime":"2020\/05\/09 12:07:05","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7wLo923N7pz","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7wLo923N7pz","commentsUrl":"ucms_7wLo923N7pz","commentCount":0,"text":"
<\/p>
“人文视野”,讲述景观背后的人文内涵,<\/p>
这是视野第51篇文章<\/p>
涞滩古镇,名气算不得大,但却是首批中国十大历史文化名镇,中国十大最美丽村镇,是一座名副其实的古镇。涞滩古镇位于重庆市合川区东北32公里渠江西岸的鹫峰山上,建镇于北宋乾德三年(公元965年),距今已有1055年的历史了,古镇面积不大,城墙内景区面积仅约150亩,被戏称为“玲珑古镇”、“袖珍古镇”。<\/p>
虽说面积袖珍,但涞滩古镇绝对是值得专程去游览的地方,涞滩古镇上拥有代表着川东特有建筑风格的古街巷,拥有全国唯一的禅宗石刻道场,更拥有代表我国第三次石刻艺术颠峰之作的二佛寺摩崖石刻,涞滩古镇是集古寺、古佛、古街道、古民居、古瓮城于一体,渠江环抱,景色秀美历史文化名镇。当然除了历史文化,这里还有各种实惠而美味的川味美食和小吃,渠江鱼、老腊肉、豆花儿、豆腐乳……如果你喜欢麻辣口味的川菜,这里绝对是不容错过的地方,不说了,先抹下口水。<\/p>
<\/p>
涞滩古镇是首批中国十大历史文化名镇,其历史地位不言而喻,这里不仅有古镇、古街、古巷,还有古寺、古佛、古宫,古色古香,风味十足。<\/p>
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我国现有7批312个中国历史文化名镇,一般来说,公布的批次越靠前,说明其历史价值、完好程度越高。2003年公布第一批十处中国历史文化名镇,涞滩便是其一。<\/p>
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涞滩古镇初建于北宋年间,位于江边,清中期,由于常受匪盗骚扰,在清嘉庆年间,便由大户人家出资修建了今天大家所见的涞滩古寨,到了同治元年(公元1862年)又加修了瓮城,形成了现在的涞滩古镇。<\/p>
<\/p>
瓮城是为了防范太平军入川和云南李永和、蓝大顺等农民起义军攻打涞滩,由当地人代延珍、代延灿兄弟倡导集资而建。<\/p>
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瓮城呈半圆形,长约40米,半径约30米,设有八道城门,其中十字对称的四道为人行道和车马道,其余四道为半封闭式的藏兵洞,所谓:瓮城八洞,四明四暗,一人把关,万夫莫及。<\/p>
<\/p>
这座150多年历史的瓮城是重庆地区发现的保存最完好的军事防御性堡垒建筑。<\/p>
<\/p>
瓮城出去便是古街,下着蒙蒙细雨的天气,走在这样的青石板路上,正是打开一座古镇的最佳方式。<\/p>
<\/p>
涞滩古镇无愧“袖珍”称号,十来分钟便能走完,古街东临渠江,南北以陡崖为界,由顺城街、回龙街和二佛巷两街一巷组成,十足的川东明清风貌。<\/p>
<\/p>
古街家家户户都是店面,凡是食肆,都在显眼处挂着老腊肉,午餐时分,川菜的香味弥漫在整条古街上。<\/p>
<\/p>
老腊肉、土鸡、合川肉片、渠江鱼、石磨豆花,这几样基本就是涞滩古镇的招牌菜。<\/p>
<\/p>
古色古香的街道,鲜亮诱人的川味腊肉,这大概就是属于涞滩古镇的味道。<\/p>
<\/p>
其实除了腊肉,小镇上还有不少当地特产,荫米,其实是指一种加工过的米,将糯米精选除去杂质后,进行清水浸泡7-12小时,再沥干后煮熟,置于晾晒物内先冷却干缩,后揉搓成粒状放至通风朝阳处晾晒,干燥无水后便是荫米,荫米是熟米,煲粥不错。<\/p>
<\/p>
而这个用菜叶子包裹着的东西,你知道是什么吗?也是涞滩古镇一大特色,有兴趣可以猜猜。<\/p>
<\/p>
整座古镇基本保持了明清时代的原始风貌,小寨门内街上保存有一作消防之用的太平池,题记为“同治元年”。<\/p>
<\/p>
除了古街巷外,镇上还有几座明清建筑,文昌宫是清代建筑,供奉着是孔子和他的弟子们。<\/p>
<\/p>
文昌宫的戏台是清代老建筑,内有茶馆,坐在里面喝喝茶,听听戏,也是一种享受。<\/p>
<\/p>
走出文昌宫便可看到一道布满青苔的古城墙,整个古城墙全长约1380米,顺着城墙走,便到涞滩古镇的精华所在二佛寺。<\/p>
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渠江依然静静在此流淌,宋元明时期的镇子都在江边,叫做下涞滩,清朝时期因为匪患,才搬到了山上,叫做上涞滩。<\/p>
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来到涞滩古镇,一定不要错过二佛寺,这是一座不同寻常的寺庙,尤其是二佛寺下殿的摩崖石刻,令人难忘。<\/p>
<\/p>
二佛寺原名鹫峰禅寺,始建于唐,兴盛于宋,重建于清,分上下两殿,整个大殿依山势而筑,三层重檐歇山式建筑,下殿利用自然的山岩坡石支撑屋顶,势如梁柱,十分罕见。<\/p>
<\/p>
远远望去,整座大殿像一只伫立于岩石上的凤凰,舒展如翼的屋顶和浪漫优雅的动感给人以飞动轻快的美感。<\/p>
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当你走进这座寺庙,会发现里面与你想象的完全不一样,与其说是寺庙,不如说是石窟。<\/p>
<\/p>
屋檐之下,目及之处全部都是摩崖石刻,这些石刻主要成于南宋时期,总计有42龛窟,1700余尊造像,寺内石刻的十六罗汉是十八罗汉到五百罗汉演变的始祖。<\/p>
<\/p>
二佛寺下殿最大的石刻是释迦牟尼佛像,通高12.5米,依岩镌凿,据寺内明代正德十三年《重建鹫峰禅寺记》碑记载:“全蜀大佛有三,而宕梁涞滩镇曰鹫峰,盖其二佛也”,意思是当时四川境内有三尊巨佛,这尊排第二。<\/p>
<\/p>
其实这也就是二佛寺得名的由来,唐代开凿的乐山大佛,通高71米,长期以来都是中国最大的石刻佛像,所以这尊南宋佛像只敢称“蜀中第二佛”,二佛寺由此得名。不是两尊佛,而是四川排名第二的大佛。<\/p>
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沿着大佛旁边的台阶上去,一路上依然神佛满天。<\/p>
<\/p>
敦煌研究院院长,著名石刻专家段文杰先生曾题词“涞滩摩崖造像,宋代石刻艺术的精华”、“涞滩罗汉造像,石刻艺术的瑰宝”。<\/p>
<\/p>
游览合川不要错过涞滩古镇,游览涞滩古镇不可错过二佛寺,而二佛寺的精华在其下殿。<\/p>
<\/p>
整座下殿,凡是有山石之处,皆刻有佛像,只是可惜很多佛像破损严重,文革期间被破坏不少。<\/p>
<\/p>
沿着阶梯上到二楼,平视大佛,大佛的背后和两侧还有万千小佛像,佛头上的金漆正在斑驳脱落,这就是历史的痕迹。<\/p>
<\/p>
有人说,中国古建筑的屋檐是一副美丽的画,也是一首飘逸的诗歌,一曲流淌的音乐,大概正是如此。<\/p>
<\/p>
下殿看完可以再去看看上殿,上殿位于鹫峰山顶,中轴线上依次为山门、玉皇殿、大雄宝殿和观音殿,大雄宝殿原有三尊身高五米的泥塑金身主佛,两侧有泥塑颜身的十八罗汉,可惜已经全部被毁。<\/p>
<\/p>
与古朴的下殿对比,上殿都是新建的宗教建筑,虽然造价不菲,但还是少了那些古建筑的韵味。<\/p>
<\/p>
涞滩古镇虽小,但精彩纷呈,这样古色古香,美味飘香的地方,你喜欢吗?<\/p>
涞滩宋代建镇,清代嘉庆年间为防匪患,设山岩走势修筑城寨为御敌工事。清代同治元年为防范太平军入川和李、蓝起义,在中寨门外加固工事,修筑瓮城。古镇内还保存着明代的石牌坊,宋明清三代和尚古墓葬群、清代的戏楼、舍利塔、石刻卧狮和防火用的“太平池”。除了古镇,其精华更在二佛寺,始于唐朝的寺庙,开凿于宋朝的摩崖石刻……小小涞滩,不愧是中国十大历史文化名镇之一。<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/1C3E5446CB68EBDFAC549DAC874428D084894716_size16_w640_h224.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"224"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/51ABB842649F3894E668AD8EE8008D7FF9EE8260_size48_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2FA4DDE79FDDA5681D7C05627915C274FC1C492F_size60_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/F27E54D2FDC0FCE86CB225A9DEF9B6F07C0786E6_size45_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/A767D96C091A93DB8466BAFBF325A4478D0E46DE_size58_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/86618DB10AE6CAE9BB39C95AB9042A22466A13D6_size57_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/E615CFB01B754F1A6D163BF81E2A0EEDC69C693D_size64_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4FF004FA46F27BF2F2345D6F3E2D2D230B80B378_size44_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/1A67F59D49B925BA83E91B0A2A719AEC459AC832_size47_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/7506B0D352F5AD68389C922C2AC5678D969F8E57_size50_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6130A3FA6E85ADAAA2D62A862B576DCC67201F51_size41_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4B6D4CFC437543693626CD0E278BE0838D8E8BBD_size84_w640_h957.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"957"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/8C4497B0F3BF0319E00F2732F61C5A1331EC1E91_size33_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/AC3D46DC1EADF121281862F5EF6DFD90F7459A17_size47_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6B96CBB99AD3D16C87E2D4BFBA922534B7C52DE9_size63_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/3F242D2254480EC5226B470AA57E0D7DC0BA7DE8_size38_w640_h426.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"426"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/733B4A42929454DB2DF72A53CCB2073F331FC405_size50_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/A29C3023DB08480429E993069DB02C86780AC93F_size56_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/FBEFEC9DB8CAD4A31929C2BD3CA7763D850DDCBD_size51_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/59031EF563D4BEB0416F88337338F814C33B48AF_size62_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/E4500B9FD72B5DB4B1EE80D0842B67FAE2780270_size49_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/D9FB077043DD70040EBA1FE147672E89C2EB201E_size59_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/89DBFBF3FE6E211100319951DCFE2FA40ED0D446_size39_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6347CDEEBBC909E9B5F7ACB74CED9D0F5D18BF10_size47_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/9CC58F8F1290E029CB3D209E790596E7ADBD4987_size49_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/9DE1873CC8F861F0751BEBD8DDBA04414720EDF5_size99_w640_h957.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"957"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/687B3CDF2AE70D14BB2ABC90274DF06CDC67F0DC_size36_w640_h427.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.co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