{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_7wTEMuG7Bld","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_7wTEMuG7Bld"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_7wTEMuG7Bld","staticId":"ucms_7wTEMuG7Bld","title":"欧洲人是重骑兵始祖?“甲骑具装”了解一下,60人攻破8万军阵","shareTitle":"欧洲人是重骑兵始祖?“甲骑具装”了解一下,60人攻破8万军阵","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200515\/13\/wemedia\/82bb1e91d82b2122b80c671d3725c93f55589298_size45_w488_h325.jpeg","source":"冷兵器研究所","author":"","editorcode":"孙旭玥","editTime":"2020-05-15 13:13:40","updateTime":"2020\/05\/15 13:13:40","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/history.ifeng.com\/c\/7wTEMuG7Bld","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/history.ifeng.com\/c\/7wTEMuG7Bld","commentsUrl":"ucms_7wTEMuG7Bld","commentCount":0,"text":"
魏晋南北朝是中国历史上混乱割据的时代,各势力之间征战不休。五胡乱华,北方游牧民族依靠数量庞大又迅猛快速的骑兵部队入主中原并在北方建立了一系列的政权,骑兵开始主宰冷兵器时代战争的胜负。<\/p>
<\/p>
魏晋南北朝时期,由于战车被淘汰,急需一种新型的战场突击力量,以起到突破敌军阵线的目的,故“甲骑具装”被广泛用于战争。以近战肉搏为主的“甲骑具装”取代早期成为骑兵的主力,这是中国骑兵历史上第一次“变革”,“甲,人铠也;具装,马铠也。“”,这种人和马都披甲的骑兵,在欧洲叫重装骑兵,我国古代叫做“铁骑”或者“甲骑”。<\/p>
<\/p>
魏晋南北朝时期,“甲骑具装”活跃于中华大地,每场战斗都有他们强大的身影,如东晋太元八年(公元383年),前秦与东晋淝水之战前,前秦皇帝苻坚的想法则是:“但却军,令得过,而我以铁骑数十万向水,逼而杀之“”前赵刘耀曾经建立一支自己直接统率的重骑兵队,召公卿以下子弟有勇干者为亲御郎,被甲乘铠马,动止自随,以充折冲之任。文献上此类“甲乘铠马”,的记载颇多,反映出“甲骑具装”在这一时期甚为兴盛。<\/p>
<\/p>
“甲骑具装”最擅长的是“正面突破”,即重骑兵列成“楔形阵”,利用其冲锋的冲击力,以正攻法冲垮敌军的阵型。简言之,就是“陷阵”。在“甲骑具装”诞生之前,轻骑兵鲜有这种“正面突破”的例子。恩格斯曾专门撰文记述重装骑兵:“这些重装骑士通常成排成一列,成横队作战……这种横队,一与敌人接触,便立即散开单骑作战。所以会战是以单纯的白刃格斗结束的。他们通常身着重甲,骑着骏马,持着马刀,带着长矛,列成横队,通过冲锋,碾压敌人的阵线,步兵的阵型在“甲骑具装”面前就显得有些苍白无力。<\/p>
<\/p>
譬如西魏大统三年(公元537年),东、西魏政权之间爆发了沙苑之战,战斗一开始西魏的左军就陷入危机,右军将领李弼等“帅铁骑横击之,东魏兵中绝为二,遂大破之。据《周书》记载李弼用于突破冲锋的骑兵只有六十人。由于李弼的勇猛果敢和“甲骑具装”极强的突击能力,从而扭转战局,使得西魏军大获全胜。<\/p>
<\/p>
综上,魏晋南北朝时期,由于各势力都重视骑兵,骑兵种类开始增加,新兴的“甲骑具装”成为各势力最精锐的部队。因为强大的突击和肉搏能力,“甲骑具装”,倍受兵家青睐而活跃于魏晋南北朝的各个战场上。<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/A3BBBB430C3A8D7637F8939AD9BE083FCACEA64A_size374_w542_h353.png","size":{"width":"542","height":"353"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/5C2CD4E65351DB2CAEBC50160DEB255CAD5C9661_size103_w354_h230.png","size":{"width":"354","height":"230"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/74E23DA9A9B742032567DF9C7F6E620F2117B5DC_size304_w488_h561.png","size":{"width":"488","height":"561"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/7D12BE54A6E0C24B6DD2B574D438D45B76E194DC_size453_w544_h385.png","size":{"width":"544","height":"385"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/CDD6BE74E2D813A2BE7D6AC234DF3F6C2848BE40_size531_w546_h531.png","size":{"width":"546","height":"531"}}],"summary":"魏晋南北朝是中国历史上混乱割据的时代,各势力之间征战不休。五胡乱华,北方游牧民族依靠数量庞大又迅猛快速的骑兵部队入主中原并在北方建立了一系列的政权,骑兵开始主宰","sharesummary":"魏晋南北朝是中国历史上混乱割据的时代,各势力之间征战不休。五胡乱华,北方游牧民族依靠数量庞大又迅猛快速的骑兵部队入主中原并在北方建立了一系列的政权,骑兵开始主宰","commentType":"0","wemediaEAccountId":"7243","showclient":"0","shareurl":"https:\/\/ishare.ifeng.com\/c\/s\/v002sFq8VTffX9ToA0M--fOstjGY5Gt8lO054S--RmJQn-_jFM__","praise":"51","like_num":"51"}}