{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_7xnqRaRy2TK","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_7xnqRaRy2TK"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_7xnqRaRy2TK","staticId":"ucms_7xnqRaRy2TK","title":"民国国会议场旧址-北京民国建筑","shareTitle":"民国国会议场旧址-北京民国建筑","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/DDABC6CC1003C0F9CD79B656F8CFCEEFAE757F92_size63_w690_h459.jpeg","source":"卡农伯爵","author":"","editorcode":"weMedia","editTime":"2020-07-02 12:00:25","updateTime":"2020\/07\/02 12:00:25","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7xnqRaRy2TK","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7xnqRaRy2TK","commentsUrl":"ucms_7xnqRaRy2TK","commentCount":0,"text":"
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民国国会议场旧址位于北京西城区宣武门西大街57号。清宣统二年(1910年),在此设谘议机关—资政院,有学者称它为“中国第一代大会堂建筑”。<\/p>
辛亥革命后这里被改为国会议场。国会由参众两院组成,一西一东。参议院设在西边的清末法律学堂内,今为新华社印刷厂。众议院院址即为东边的原资政院,就是现在的新华社大院内。<\/p>
民国国会议场旧址建筑,有民国国会礼堂,建筑面积约2100平方米,礼堂内的座椅和暖气管道为当年的原物被保存了下来。礼堂北面的二层小楼是国会办公楼,楼上有椭圆形办公室。礼堂东侧另有二栋二层小楼。一栋为国会图书馆,一栋为办公楼(现已加至三层)。因民国国会在此办公,当年这里的胡同被称作国会街。<\/p>
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民国初年,民国国会参众两院议员在国会议场开会,选举总统和议制宪法。袁世凯竞选总统之时,曾让数万北洋军士假扮公民请愿,围困该处数日,各党议员惊骇万状。1923年直系军阀曹锟竞选总统,他为了登上总统宝座,曾在国会导演了一场闹剧。曹锟以金钱贿赂,对投票选举他的议员每人给5000元,结果以480票“当选总统”,用去贿款达1356万元,人称“贿选总统”。<\/p>
时过境迁,民国国会的旧建筑留存至今的只有国会礼堂、圆楼和红楼等建筑。在新华社后院里有民国国会议场,当时为参众两院开会之地,现作为新华社大礼堂使用。议场坐北朝南,为砖木结构,建筑风格简朴庄重。议场北面是两座红楼,分为南北两栋,因外墙廊柱皆为红色而得名,均为国会办公用房,也有说是议员们的宿舍。在红楼的西侧是著名的国会圆楼,圆楼是当时国会的办公楼,二层为总统和议长开会的地方。<\/p>
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圆楼的名字有些“名不副实”,这座圆楼外形可不是圆形的,而是方的。称它为圆楼是因其主楼呈椭圆形。<\/p>
北洋政府垮台后,国会驻地改为北平大学法学院,抗日战争期间,日寇改为新民学院。1930年9月18日,中国左翼作家联盟北方分盟,在此召开成立大会,与会代表30余人,通过了《理论纲领》、《行动纲领》和《成立宣言》三个文件。<\/p>
1946年到1949年这里为北京大学第四院使用。华北大学由石家庄迁至北京时,这里遂成为华北大学三部所在地,后又改为新华通讯社社址。<\/p>
1949年,在解放军入城仪式举行后第二天,即2月4日,中共北平地下党在北京大学四院礼堂举行(即今天的新华社民国国会议场旧址)会师大会,民国国会议场也作为这一重大历史时刻的见证而增添了它的文史价值。<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/DDABC6CC1003C0F9CD79B656F8CFCEEFAE757F92_size63_w690_h459.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"425"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/90EA87A0C46EC2F5B530EDB1AE9EF4C4F3730C2F_size75_w690_h459.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"425"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/BBB5DB9F26E4C1D61E0E82D42BE52569825F8CB6_size108_w690_h456.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"422"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/0068A303183C8FC9B7857AE0A85758610999DC82_size65_w690_h547.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"507"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/3ED9C5E0DA0A23EBA89D4EE198943901F91CD9BD_size51_w688_h489.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"454"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2737431057BEC4E0D809A9432EAB807B70A33224_size61_w690_h490.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"454"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/BCC58950C84FE4587A12B34EADAEC00A4611EAC7_size115_w690_h539.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"499"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2251A2BED1DC145432CDD2A2FDAD6CE73C832FDD_size90_w690_h548.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"508"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/81F6543F3E15374A8432E04285BC68CBB2613046_size55_w690_h312.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"289"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/AF45B9B3BE5B2877A4FDAE58E8089075123A5DCC_size113_w690_h460.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"426"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/CEA76E3F43C90F7542658D4680EEC72FDCAB9390_size63_w690_h459.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"425"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/76950F61B64341897EABCE7EF25FD251B6B1089F_size60_w460_h690.jpeg","size":{"width":"460","height":"690"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/32426866921D7615F50BD79E141A8FD6E1A2330E_size66_w690_h459.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"425"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/8B7F953A67C01F3DD517FEAAA2FAA16814813789_size80_w690_h459.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"425"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/D515985469C55CD538460C3FC65E7238D61E463F_size74_w690_h459.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"425"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/736132FB48570D2DFAFED789A7E163CFE402212E_size33_w459_h690.jpeg","size":{"width":"459","height":"690"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/615BB1C9309F36B082D47D9F2F378D9B006AE486_size64_w690_h410.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"380"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/EDA0234E548BB7D71DBFFB721B1D2C8D846D2A03_size87_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/0FDAF5469F723850D0EB5682261C79E896581E15_size58_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6F395628D04B3402CE1D90F9726482642DF1CA0E_size70_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6F966558D099D38DABED6B5AC75B25A7E23367A0_size53_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/9E9E6AE29D7FC1A190DDA36143D8C8FAC44BF404_size65_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4E44A6676C40616E08750A54C6EBA85AA206550D_size46_w461_h690.jpeg","size":{"width":"461","height":"690"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/832EB6CC88A91AAE5EEA896D7D899DAFFBE94037_size62_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/62ECCC3FBC91CC4BE9A4B5C363BA554BE4D2114E_size68_w690_h494.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"458"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/AF84504B207560107288ED56B71B74618F1C8968_size79_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/51E63554D253ECB0ED0D5CFF568367FFD2AE2167_size58_w690_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"427"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/736C0C7CA217129B5BF9203D036E5CD809B80620_size61_w690_h464.jp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