{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_7z1xFuA69HT","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_7z1xFuA69HT"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_7z1xFuA69HT","staticId":"ucms_7z1xFuA69HT","title":"图解北京冬奥项目③——追求自由与刺激的“自由式滑雪”","shareTitle":"图解北京冬奥项目③——追求自由与刺激的“自由式滑雪”","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/B4C960F6D1AE08359130CCE424B189297CC67470_size290_w800_h749.png","source":"","author":"","editorcode":"闫小龙 PS030","editTime":"2020-08-18 09:05:59","updateTime":"2020\/08\/18 09:05:59","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/sports.ifeng.com\/c\/7z1xFuA69HT","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/sports.ifeng.com\/c\/7z1xFuA69HT","commentsUrl":"ucms_7z1xFuA69HT","commentCount":0,"text":"
本文转自【新华网】;<\/p>
提到“FREESTYLE”,你首先会想到什么?是略带土味的脏辫垮裤大金链、流量视频中飞扬酷炫的嘻哈风、还是大凡迷人的撩妹脸?NONONO!作为新时代的优秀知识青年,只知道这些你就out了!<\/p>
今天新华体育就带大家盘一项激情洋溢的冬奥会运动项目,体会什么是真正的FREESTYLE!<\/p>
<\/p>
自由式滑雪 (FREESTYLE SKIING)<\/p>
<\/p>
自由式滑雪是将高山滑雪和空中技巧相结合的一种全新的具有强烈刺激感的滑雪项目。比赛项目主要包含雪上技巧、空中技巧、U型场地技巧、大跳台、坡面障碍技巧和障碍追逐等小项。<\/p>
-发展历史-<\/p>
<\/p>
自由式滑雪起源于20世纪30年代的美国。1966年,新罕布什尔州举行了世界首次自由式滑雪比赛。1979年国际滑雪联合会正式承认自由式滑雪项目。1988年卡尔加里冬奥会将自由式滑雪列为表演项目,4年之后的第16届法国阿尔贝维尔冬奥会将其正式列入比赛项目,但不包含空中技巧和雪上芭蕾。1994年挪威利勒哈默尔冬奥会将男、女空中技巧正式列入比赛项目。2006年,中国运动员韩晓鹏在都灵冬奥会上夺得男子空中技巧项目的金牌。<\/p>
-比赛装备-<\/p>
滑雪服<\/p>
<\/p>
滑雪服要具备一定的弹性和防水、防风功能,应选择可循环利用、方便清洗的材料。<\/p>
滑雪头盔<\/p>
<\/p>
头盔可以保护头部不受伤害,为保证安全,运动员在滑雪时必须佩戴头盔;同时,运动员在滑雪过程中头部会散发大量的热量,因此需要佩戴透气保暖的头盔。<\/p>
滑雪手套<\/p>
<\/p>
为保证运动员手指灵活运动,滑雪手套需五指分开。手腕口有可调节松紧的带子,方便使用者根据自己手部的情况进行调节。<\/p>
滑雪靴<\/p>
<\/p>
滑雪靴的外壳较硬,上面镶嵌有调整角度和宽度的夹子,内靴较紧,可以保护脚踝不受伤害。滑雪靴穿上之后可以将脚踝及小腿下部紧紧裹住,使运动员的脚与鞋固定成一个整体。<\/p>
滑雪板<\/p>
<\/p>
自由式滑雪比赛对男、女滑雪板有不同的要求:男运动员的滑雪板长度不低于190厘米,女运动员的滑雪板长度不低于180厘米。<\/p>
滑雪杖<\/p>
<\/p>
滑雪杖的雪轮防止雪杖过深插入雪面<\/p>
滑雪镜<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
滑雪镜是雪上运动项目中保护眼睛的必备品。雪镜的镜片从形状上可分为柱面镜和球面镜两大类。相对于柱面镜,球面镜视野更加开阔,防雾效果更好。<\/p>
-雪上技巧比赛场地-<\/p>
<\/p>
雪上技巧比赛场地多建在陡峭的斜坡上,由多个雪包组成的陡坡线路构成,场地长度为200~270米;宽度为15~25米,坡度为24°~32°。赛道上下分别设有两处跳台,雪包通常是由人工堆积而成。陡峭的赛道上设有2个跳跃点,选手需要在赛道上完成2次跳跃,赛道的标准为长250米、宽18米、高110米、坡度28°。<\/p>
-雪上技巧比赛规则-<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
运动员要根据场地雪包排列的形状,在雪包上或雪包之间滑行,通过控制膝关节调节在雪包间的回转冲击。比赛评判标准包括回转动作、空中技巧以及速度三方面,动作完成质量越高,得分越高。在资格赛中获得前20名的成绩,可进入决赛。<\/p>
-雪上技巧评分规则-<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
比赛成绩是由回转技巧分数、空中跳跃动作分数以及运动员比赛用时换算成的分数相加所得。各项占得分的百分比为60%、20%、20%。<\/p>
-空中技巧比赛场地-<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
空中技巧比赛场地包括出发区、助滑坡、过渡区、跳台、着陆坡和终点区。由于空中技巧比赛的成绩受天气的影响很大,比赛场地通常设有3个风向标。<\/p>
-kicker跳台-<\/p>
<\/p>
空中技巧所使用的跳台被称为kicker跳台。它是人工设置的小跳台,又特指跳台上边缘的抬高部分。它分为大、中、小三种跳台,小跳台一般不在比赛中使用。大跳台和中跳台根据弯度不同,又可另分出不同的跳台。选手可根据自己的动作所需进行选择。<\/p>
-空中技巧分解动作与特技动作-<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
空中技巧基本技术由助滑、起跳、空中飞行、着陆、终止区滑行5部分构成。助滑:运动员在55米的助滑坡内,可根据需要决定助滑距离。在下滑过程中,身体呈流线型可有效减少摩擦力。起跳:当速度提升至25米\/秒以上时,运动员在台端的起跳台上用力起跳就可将身体抛至空中。空中飞行:运动员起跳后沿抛物线轨迹飞行,在着陆前完成各项规定的技术动作,动作包括单独动作与混合动作,混合动作难度大、得分高。着陆:运动员从空中降落的最大高度约为10米,一旦摔倒就会影响成绩。终止区滑行:当运动员着陆后,依旧保持自己身体的平衡性缓慢降低速度,最后以旋转刹车方式急停在停止区。<\/p>
-空中技巧评分规则-<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
空中技巧比赛中有5名裁判打分,腾空得分占总分的20%,空中动作得分占总分的50%,着陆得分占总分的30% 。在去掉1个最高分和1个最低分后,剩余3名裁判的平均评分×难度系数后得到的分数即为运动员的最后得分。<\/p>
-空中技巧动作组合-<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
随着空中技巧项目的不断发展,技巧的难度越来越大,动作组合也越来越复杂。目前男子动作组合最大难度是“空中翻腾3周+转体4周”;女子动作组合最大难度是“空中翻腾2周+转体3周”。<\/p>
-北京冬奥会赛项内容-<\/p>
<\/p>
北京2022年冬奥会自由式滑雪比赛项目包括男女个人空中技巧、雪上技巧、U型场地技巧、坡面障碍技巧、障碍追逐、大跳台以及空中技巧混合团体,其中大跳台项目将在北京赛区进行,其余小项在张家口赛区进行。竞赛一共将产生13枚金牌。<\/p>
-历届冬奥会奖牌榜-<\/p>
<\/p>
纵观历届冬奥会自由式滑雪奖牌榜,加拿大、美国包揽了近3届冬奥会的冠亚军,实力让人叹服。在2006年都灵冬奥会上,我国选手韩晓鹏曾用1枚宝贵的金牌为我国冬奥事业交出了一份满意的答卷,展现出不俗的实力!<\/p>
作者:北京林业大学王瑾 邵梓耕 王丹丹<\/p>
本研究为:“2016年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目《2022北京冬奥会视觉导向系统研究》的研究成果” 项目编号:16YJA760037<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/B4C960F6D1AE08359130CCE424B189297CC67470_size290_w800_h749.png","size":{"width":"640","height":"599"}},{"url":"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/C3578E7204F4FE0B8B3E1C4937DAACDF7CDD4B58_size522_w800_h514.gif","size":{"width":"800","height":"514"},"resizedImg":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100_ext\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/C3578E7204F4FE0B8B3E1C4937DAACDF7CDD4B58_size522_w800_h514.gif"},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/439208C55CEDA5D8BFFFEDDA8D5A18CC47F8BF6E_size6362_w5351_h11929.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"1426"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/919F2FF4DEC5544924C84DC7F5450AD995FFAC42_size105_w419_h791.png","size":{"width":"419","height":"791"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6880523475134ED9CCCB72EE4328D7D7B86BE1E7_size223_w1212_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"314"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/F58D68D4AB7880E014CB9017CE742EC4F33E591E_size236_w1240_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"307"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6B63DE57A784F4018ADB3C2EC5E9E586CAAD5C7E_size188_w720_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"528"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/117950F825E57B2C345E3F2275C86482F6C584B4_size101_w482_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"482","height":"595"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/905534A45564857AB18ACB76E749B2C99454D7C3_size121_w554_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"554","height":"595"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/B55745D606E808D95F3A80DD794E1EFE0E9E0F7E_size126_w483_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"483","height":"595"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/8A0589FE3F64F834D2944060B6FCBD7A28943950_size178_w1304_h461.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"226"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/7A898EB025473D7E3A15F47AC69816105B17579A_size111_w728_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"523"}},{"url":"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/E14999881AE1C2E7FBE2692CCB3FDF3224DE3954_size2259_w1200_h675.gif","size":{"width":"1200","height":"675"},"resizedImg":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100_ext\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/E14999881AE1C2E7FBE2692CCB3FDF3224DE3954_size2259_w1200_h675.gif"},{"url":"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2D72358056005B6CE3D4A2179CB06C7C5A7D7796_size220_w800_h1380.gif","size":{"width":"800","height":"1380"},"resizedImg":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100_ext\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2D72358056005B6CE3D4A2179CB06C7C5A7D7796_size220_w800_h1380.gif"},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/084DC0F008080E202E9A6472C2DA53D7B1ECC5BE_size35_w248_h254.png","size":{"width":"248","height":"254"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/75882ED9081D2AC36E84017FB40825759F558F12_size194_w1304_h506.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"248"}},{"url":"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/36876672FAE1FE11732C0889F3747EEA2E016812_size205_w1000_h1000.gif","size":{"width":"1000","height":"1000"},"resizedImg":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100_ext\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/36876672FAE1FE11732C0889F3747EEA2E016812_size205_w1000_h1000.gif"},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/F6FF36F6BB1F2440C6FF193291C2417763FF117C_size244_w1304_h573.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"281"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/5EB62EA0AC47AF8DC75C06F4960E3B1B1F131C05_size275_w987_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"385"}},{"url":"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4849969DFCE0DBCF4892B9EC7DE29EA1066089B1_size609_w1328_h1315.gif","size":{"width":"1328","height":"1315"},"resizedImg":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100_ext\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4849969DFCE0DBCF4892B9EC7DE29EA1066089B1_size609_w1328_h1315.gif"},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/C396E165CE36E993EC9498809FD15168B0A9A3B7_size211_w620_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"620","height":"595"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/08DB4B3F73807E3FD41C16722D5B0A47A2C04D34_size83_w312_h312.jpeg","size":{"width":"312","height":"312"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/0519D0F593F4997B7ED49D4D59C12E0001A5357B_size70_w736_h188.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"163"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/64A17C8BD163367B36332ED48487EA85279B482B_size156_w675_h595.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"564"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/571844DE6EFAB55264E1C5A2A12EF1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