{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_7z5roSDTlpC","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_7z5roSDTlpC"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_7z5roSDTlpC","staticId":"ucms_7z5roSDTlpC","title":"秦王伐蜀、蜀相诸葛亮入蜀,他们是怎样从古栈道上运兵的?","shareTitle":"秦王伐蜀、蜀相诸葛亮入蜀,他们是怎样从古栈道上运兵的?","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200820\/21\/wemedia\/be8b767125935974cc262064cba8035f58972eab_size23_w636_h424.jpeg","source":"","author":"","editorcode":"weMedia","editTime":"2020-08-20 21:53:33","updateTime":"2020\/08\/20 21:53:33","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7z5roSDTlpC","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7z5roSDTlpC","commentsUrl":"ucms_7z5roSDTlpC","commentCount":0,"text":"
李白诗曰:“黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援。”悬崖绝壁上架木而成的古栈道,狭窄艰险,有的地方连挑担子都无法换肩,如何能运得大批军马辎重呢?<\/p>
<\/p>
古栈道到底有多难?<\/p>
由秦入蜀的万山丛中,苍莽秦岭,横亘川陕,复杂的折皱山脉,形成了峡谷众多、悬崖陡壁的地形,正如诗人李白形容的“黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲渡愁攀援。”我们勤劳的祖先,在这样的丛山峻岭中修建了北从陕西褒城,经广元、剑图,南接成都平原,全长一千多公里的栈道。沿途凿岩打孔,上中下三层,中孔插木桩,铺木板以行人,下孔插木以支撑,上孔搭棚遮阴避雨。每隔一段还修一亭阁,供行人歇息之用。<\/p>
<\/p>
据《方舆胜览》记载,蜀道上<\/p>
“自城北(广元)至大安军界管,桥栏阁共一万五千三百六十一间”<\/p>
可见工程之浩大,实乃古代交通史上的惊人创举。特别是广元清风、明月峡一带,<\/p>
“石壁陡立,虚凿石窍而架木其上,比其他处极险”,<\/p>
因而工程十分艰巨,栈道极为狭窄,这一地段若行人左肩挑上东西,无法换到右肩,故称“左担道”。难怪唐代诗人在《过蜀龙门》诗中惊叹:<\/p>
“龙门非禹凿,诡怪乃天功。”<\/p>
<\/p>
古栈道是古代帝王为战争需要而修筑的。《史记》云:<\/p>
“秦欲伐蜀,尚不知道,乃作五石牛以金道尾下,言罢粪金,以遗蜀,蜀负力而贪,使武丁开道行之,秦国使张仪、司马错寻路伐蜀”。<\/p>
栈道作为战时军事要道而用,自然要运送战车粮草、部队。这样狭窄的栈道,特别是左担道这一段,连行人都感困难,又怎样运行的呢?<\/p>
拿秦王伐蜀的战争来说吧,古代战车是极为笨重的,普通士兵乘坐的战车上有三个乘员,车内还有弓、矢、戈、刀等兵器。主帅所乘之车更为讲究,上看战鼓,以指挥军队,左右有甲士,以保护主帅。这样庞大的战车怎么从栈道上通过呢?<\/p>
三国时,诸葛亮北伐曹魏,五次出征,几次皆因栈道运输困难,“粮尽还”。但仍雄心勃勃,大举举兵。<\/p>
<\/p>
诸葛亮是怎样解决栈道上的运输问题呢?<\/p>
历史上有以下几种说法:<\/p>
一、整修栈道说。<\/p>
《华阳国志・蜀志》记载:<\/p>
“诸葛亮相蜀,凿石架空始为飞閣,以通行道。”<\/p>
局部整治,加固加宽,但也未解决蜀道难的根本问题。<\/p>
<\/p>
二、改进运输工具说。<\/p>
《稗史类编》:<\/p>
“蜀相诸葛亮之出征,始造木牛流马以运粮”。<\/p>
虽可提高运量,减轻劳力,但遇栈道上的窄路陡度急转弯,恐怕也成问题。<\/p>
三、就地驻防屯田说。<\/p>
《三国志》云:<\/p>
“亮每患粮不继,使己志不申,是以分兵屯田,为久驻之。”<\/p>
这是避开栈道的办法来解决军粮长途运输问题。但是,战车、军备的运输又怎么绕道呢?<\/p>
<\/p>
秦王和诸葛亮怎样利用栈道顺利运送军马辎重,至今还未有令人满意的答案。<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/588296A230C8719726E87EE2C73A54BF96CAA512_size82_w640_h426.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"426"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/7FED7C621746A80C721CA2257AF9C022CC451337_size85_w640_h439.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"439"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2A00E9C4650914AE9A187034754422112BE1FC9A_size57_w640_h330.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"330"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/F47E3A0186D419412BF1CD58FF5414FC36A72AFC_size25_w640_h430.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"430"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/DC2A7B01101DA5020CD07EC1D6A9E3888B8BB0FE_size29_w640_h424.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"424"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/452B33D16A6BFFC2184E88CAB6A0E25C55D5DF15_size75_w640_h360.jpeg","size":{"width":"640","height":"360"}}],"summary":"李白诗曰:“黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援。”悬崖绝壁上架木而成的古栈道,狭窄艰险,有的地方连挑担子都无法换肩,如何能运得大批军马辎重呢?古栈道到底有多难?由","sharesummary":"李白诗曰:“黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援。”悬崖绝壁上架木而成的古栈道,狭窄艰险,有的地方连挑担子都无法换肩,如何能运得大批军马辎重呢?古栈道到底有多难?由","commentType":"0","wemediaEAccountId":"1533285","showclient":"0","shareurl":"https:\/\/ishare.ifeng.com\/c\/s\/v002GC7jm--k-_Yz-_lWnN2SYTr--mclMdv9G43AE1YcwZUJbm8__","praise":"0","like_num":"0"}}