{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_7zqbeBdlOtN","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_7zqbeBdlOtN"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_7zqbeBdlOtN","staticId":"ucms_7zqbeBdlOtN","title":"星云大师:戒律与制度","shareTitle":"星云大师:戒律与制度","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/e4a927b3024c47e3e75d34e7cd403530e3fb9102_size44_w404_h269.jpeg","source":"","author":"","editorcode":"weMedia","editTime":"2020-09-20 10:00:00","updateTime":"2020\/09\/20 10:00:00","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7zqbeBdlOtN","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/7zqbeBdlOtN","commentsUrl":"ucms_7zqbeBdlOtN","commentCount":0,"hasVideo":"Y","text":"
文/星云大师<\/p>
<\/p>
图说:佛陀临涅槃时嘱咐弟子要「以戒为师」,佛陀入灭后,戒律一直维系着教团的慧命。图/人间社记者庄佳颖拍摄<\/p>
僧团的健全,须赖规矩秩序的建立,戒律是维系佛教于不坠的纲常。 《佛遗教经》云:「汝等比丘!于我灭后,当尊重珍敬波罗提木叉,如暗遇明,如贫人得宝,当知此则是汝等大师,若我住世,无异此也。」佛陀临涅槃时嘱咐弟子要「以戒为师」;佛陀入灭以后,戒律一直维系着教团的慧命。<\/p>
戒,是自发心的遵守规律;律,则含有他律规范之意。戒律不仅被奉为三藏之一,更是三学之首。佛陀一切经教,皆不出戒定慧三学,戒有防非止恶的功用,为修持之首要,依戒生定,依定发慧,慧可破惑证真,以此成佛。 《菩萨璎珞本业经》说:「一切众生初入三宝海,以信为本;住在佛家,以戒为本。」受戒如同学生遵守校规,人民恪守法律一般,不同的是,校规、法律是来自外力的约束,属于他律;而佛教的戒法,是发自内心的自我要求,属于自律。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
《佛遗教经》说:「若人能持净戒,则能有善法;若无净戒,诸善功德皆不得生。」戒为实践佛道的基础,一切善根功德悉由持戒而生。戒如良师,指引我们修行的方向;戒如轨道,规范我们的身心行止;戒如城墙,帮助我们抵御五欲六尘的侵袭;戒如浮囊,可免我们没溺于生死苦海;戒如明灯,照亮我们的前途光明;戒如宝剑,断除我们的贪心欲念;戒如璎珞,庄严我们的道德人格;戒如船筏,度脱我们到达涅槃的彼岸。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
受戒后纵使犯戒,因为有惭愧心,懂得忏悔,罪过较小,仍有得度的机会。不受戒的人犯了戒,不知忏悔,罪过加重。因此,宁可受戒而犯戒悔过,不能不受戒而犯过,因为受戒才有得度的机会,不知戒的精神,则永无成佛的可能。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
戒的要义有四,即戒法、戒体、戒行、戒相四科。戒法是佛陀所制定的法则;戒体是领纳戒法时,行者将戒的精神融贯在身心之中,产生防非止恶的功能;戒行是将戒体如法的表现于身、口、意三业;戒相即所遵守的各种不同的戒行。戒体是戒律的根本精神,具策励止恶修善的力量。如果缺乏戒体为内涵,戒律易流为形式化的戒条,如果戒律的精神不实践于行为,则如同虚设,因此戒虽分为四科,其精神是一体的,必得四科一时成就,才能圆满戒之善德。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
从戒的各种分类 又有以下的内容<\/p>
一、通戒与别戒:通戒指「七佛通戒偈」,别戒指僧团七众各别持守的戒律。<\/p>
二、止持戒和作持戒:「止恶行善」是戒的总相,戒律不外止持、作持二门。七佛通戒偈中的「诸恶莫作」是消极的止恶,属于止持戒;「众善奉行」是积极的行善,属于作持戒。<\/p>
三、性戒和遮戒:本质上是罪恶的戒,例如杀生、偷盗、淫欲、妄语等行为称为性戒;如果本质并非罪恶,然而容易引生讥嫌,或诱发其他性罪,例如饮酒容易令人失去理智,因而犯下杀、盗、淫、妄等恶行,称为遮戒。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
四、声闻戒和菩萨戒:声闻戒指声闻乘人所受持的戒律,如《四分律》、《十诵律》等。菩萨戒指大乘行人所受持的戒法,内容为三聚净戒:摄律仪戒、摄善法戒、饶益有情戒。也就是聚集了断诸恶、修善法、度众生等三大门的一切佛法。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
五、在家戒和出家戒:佛教戒律因受持者身分和发心的不同,有在家的三皈五戒、八关斋戒、菩萨戒;出家的沙弥及沙弥尼十戒、式叉摩那六法戒、比丘戒、比丘尼戒及菩萨戒。出家具足戒的条文很多,若依其轻重类别,大致可分成七项:波罗夷、僧残、不定、波逸提、波罗提提舍尼、突吉罗、灭诤。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
佛教的戒律虽然有出家戒、在家戒的区别,但一切戒律是以五戒为根本。五戒虽然分别为五,其根本精神则是不侵犯;不侵犯而尊重别人,便能自由。<\/p>
<\/p>
图/unsplash<\/p>
戒律是佛法的生命,是诸佛的本源,一切众生皆有佛性,然而佛性虽具,必须持戒,然后乃见。 《华严经》云:「戒为无上菩提本。」持戒是菩提的根本,也是迈向解脱自在的法门。持戒就是一种「己所不欲,勿施于人」的慈悲心与菩萨道的具体表现,也是使社会长治久安的根本之道。守持戒律时,应把握戒的基本精神,才不会拘泥于戒条的形式,而能与时俱进,发挥安顿身心,净化社会的功能。<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/746a1f79e1500445546f34d920dcd45de14de091_size79_w550_h270.jpg","size":{"width":"550","height":"270"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/012cabc157c5bef0877335285d8829397661e244_size26_w550_h316.jpg","size":{"width":"550","height":"316"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/edf724b92b5b55d0a4b0e1cb68fb8e0e2e6356ee_size46_w550_h365.jpg","size":{"width":"550","height":"365"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/01a6686fb484732647ed019ddd0205e4243aa4f2_size106_w550_h412.jpg","size":{"width":"550","height":"412"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/2cd067cae641a5c0be1692acd301752ac4a9da5c_size227_w515_h550.jpg","size":{"width":"515","height":"550"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/1e1368b4ffae47ef428ef1cbd6b524108bf5ccc4_size89_w366_h550.jpg","size":{"width":"366","height":"550"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/73c4aa6e13e5bc80fdc105597f2904b953ae6e5e_size82_w392_h550.jpg","size":{"width":"392","height":"550"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/be22cefb90afaec9f39a46813b00a184eb9ff21f_size38_w550_h366.jpg","size":{"width":"550","height":"366"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/img1.ugc.ifeng.com\/newugc\/20200918\/11\/wemedia\/ac30b19df938ac72a5411b4883d03aad96852bc3_size30_w550_h366.jpg","size":{"width":"550","height":"366"}}],"summary":"文/星云大师图说:佛陀临涅槃时嘱咐弟子要「以戒为师」,佛陀入灭后,戒律一直维系着教团的慧命。图/人间社记者庄佳颖拍摄僧团的健全,须赖规矩秩序的建立,戒律是维系佛","sharesummary":"文/星云大师图说:佛陀临涅槃时嘱咐弟子要「以戒为师」,佛陀入灭后,戒律一直维系着教团的慧命。图/人间社记者庄佳颖拍摄僧团的健全,须赖规矩秩序的建立,戒律是维系佛","videoPoster":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4E3D98A449359458120EF7B5CC7F630093C70506_size30_w480_h360.jpeg","videoSrc":"","videos":[{"guid":"034e4ee5-3c7d-497d-b583-e82d41ff4da7","staticId":"video_034e4ee5-3c7d-497d-b583-e82d41ff4da7","columnId":"","duration":"00:07:33","title":"星云大师:戒律与制度","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w480_h360_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4E3D98A449359458120EF7B5CC7F630093C70506_size30_w480_h360.jpeg","thumbnailSize":{"width":"480","height":"360"},"video":{"Normal":{"src":"http:\/\/ips.ifeng.com\/video19.ifeng.com\/video09\/2020\/09\/18\/p37251181-102-9987636-113625.mp4?ifsign=1","fileSize":""},"HD":{"src":"http:\/\/ips.ifeng.com\/video19.ifeng.com\/video09\/2020\/09\/18\/p37251181-102-9987636-113625.mp4?ifsign=1","fileSize":""}},"videoAppDesc":"凤凰视频客户端","android_downloadurl":"http:\/\/dl.app.ifengcdn.com\/ifengapps\/20190920\/IfengVideo_aPhone_V7.6.7_1909191357_12031.apk","relation":[]}],"commentType":"0","wemediaEAccountId":"1359738","showclient":"0","shareurl":"https:\/\/ishare.ifeng.com\/c\/s\/v002InQj1kd44ftF-_ACa65rMxKYVOlfsMw9frRmgUy61TPA__","praise":"0","like_num":"0"}}