{"meta":{"id":"https:\/\/api.iclient.ifeng.com\/ipadtestdoc?aid=ucms_80DoTYKZ6w1","type":"doc","o":"1","documentId":"ucms_80DoTYKZ6w1"},"body":{"newStatus":"1","documentId":"ucms_80DoTYKZ6w1","staticId":"ucms_80DoTYKZ6w1","title":"具有民族特色的契丹瓷器","shareTitle":"具有民族特色的契丹瓷器","thumbnail":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w150_h106_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/ucms\/2020_40\/B83B9FF29A2EA2E3C8EDEDF0A459220F8A61F972_w698_h392.jpg","source":"","author":"","editorcode":"weMedia","editTime":"2020-10-02 00:05:00","updateTime":"2020\/10\/02 00:05:00","wapurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/80DoTYKZ6w1","introduction":"","wwwurl":"http:\/\/\/\/feng.ifeng.com\/c\/80DoTYKZ6w1","commentsUrl":"ucms_80DoTYKZ6w1","commentCount":0,"text":"
作者收藏老张<\/p>
辽国是公元10世纪契丹族在中国北方建立的政权,与五代、北宋并立。辽瓷的生产与五代、宋代的制瓷的工艺技术密切相关,除带有明显的定窑和磁州窑特点外,更具有浓郁的北方平原契丹民族特色。<\/p>
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一、马蹬壶(又称皮囊壶)。是典型的辽代瓷器,因其造型象马蹬(或皮囊)而命名。壶高17厘米,浅酱色釉,紫红色陶胎,胎体较为厚重,平沙底内凹,提梁部为雕塑的带斑点的立体螭龙,壶体为椭圆型,四周边沿处堆塑两条凸出的仿皮囊壶带缝。马蹬壶造型生动,简洁大方,容艺术性与实用性为一体,显现了辽代工匠的创造力和想象力。<\/p>
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二、葫芦型穿带壶。高18厘米,深酱色釉,紫红色陶胎,平沙底。胎体厚重,釉色莹润。器型为大半为圆小半为扁型葫芦瓶,上部和下部分别刻两道凹弦纹,两侧各装饰两道条棱,两棱用四道桥型鼓钉系横向相联,两棱间形成一道凹槽,可供穿带之用。在传世的瓷器中,葫芦瓶较为常见,穿带瓶也有所闻,但容两者为一体的实不多见。特别是为了方便携带,把葫芦瓶做成半扁半圆型,大大增加了制作难度,不能不说是体现了辽代工匠的创造、智慧和匠心。<\/p>
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三、黑釉印花卉纹双系扁壶。两片胎体和合而成,胎质灰褐,高圈足,挖足较深,体型硕大,扁平嘴细颈,肩贴可穿带的拱型双系,是辽代常见的酒具。<\/p>
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四、白釉划牡丹纹葫芦型执壶。高26厘米,口径4厘米,圈足,平沙底。该壶施浅白釉,紫红色陶胎,系仿宋代定窑器型制作的产品。<\/p>
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五、辽绿釉仿铜编钟。高29厘米,深红色陶胎,浅绿色釉,釉色泛黄。编钟顶部有一个扁平型提梁,钟身为扁圆型,两侧分别粘贴一条凸棱,凸棱上各装饰7枚鼓钉。器身顶部饰一圈8枚鼓钉,腹部构画对称的葫芦藤纹饰,下部为7道微凸的弦纹,靠底边部印4个扁大回纹。该编钟造型古朴,敲之声音沙哑,开片均匀。根据其胎体及釉色分析,该仿铜编钟应是辽代以前至春秋战国时代的作品。<\/p>
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六、辽白釉提梁双系罐。辽白釉罐是仿邢窑产品,带有明显的北方窑特征,俗称“土定”。该壶高19厘米,胎质粗糙坚硬,釉色白中带青,釉面微微泛绿,圆口丰肩,肩部粘接两个对称的供穿梁用的带孔立耳和两组半圆型双系,椭圆型鼓腹,下腹渐收,圈足,沙底。该双系罐造型古朴秀丽,釉色洁白滑润,胎釉结合紧密,是辽白釉瓷器中的精品。<\/p>
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七、辽三彩剔牡丹纹四系罐。罐高23厘米,红色胎体,施酱绿白三色釉,半釉圈足。此罐采用磁州窑常用的剔、刻工艺,白色作地,酱釉花卉,绿色花叶,配以四系,立体感增强,使器物有了生机和活力,是辽代工匠浓厚的生活气息和高超的艺术水平的体现。<\/p>
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八、辽白釉剔牡丹纹罐。该罐系仿磁州窑作品,高29厘米,口径17.5厘米,底径12厘米,浅红色陶胎,白釉剔缠枝牡丹纹,枝叶茂盛,花卉和枝叶上饰蓖划纹;剔花空白处添加黑釉,以突出剔花的立体感。该罐口部外翻,长直颈,丰肩鼓腹,施釉不到底,宽圈足,浅挖足沙底,罐内从口部以下不施釉。制作手法与磁州窑黑釉剔花作品极为相似,只不过是胎体陶瓷有别。此罐体型硕大,胎体厚重,为辽代典型的民间常用釉陶器,对于研究当时的社会生活和风土人情具有一定的史料价值。<\/p>
综上所述,对于辽代瓷器的纹饰特点可见一斑。仅就上述几件作品而言,辽代的瓷器有下述特点:一是造型上有所创新,体现了少数民族地区粗犷豪放、不拘一格的风格,在器型上既遵守传统型制,又有所发挥创造。二是器物上大都装饰动物纹,给静态的瓷器带来动感,动静结合,实用性和艺术性相结合,增加了作品的艺术魅力。三是器型更加适合草原游牧民族的生活习惯,无论是马蹬壶、葫芦穿带瓶、印花卉纹扁壶,还是口部外翻的大罐,都是方便于携带和搬动的生活用品。四是作品大都带有鼓钉纹、双系等装饰,不仅富于修饰,使作品外观上美丽好看,更为作品带来结实、厚重感。五是上述几件都是紫红色陶胎,胎土产于东北赤峰一带,应归类于釉陶类陶瓷,属于辽代瓷器的初期产品。<\/p>","img":[{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/F33ED8BB60BE0DD0C4773D5D94FBA089C234621E_size1220_w1080_h717.png","size":{"width":"640","height":"424"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/1F280BE500F672A409A2D90A368995DB15B44D44_size467_w440_h663.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"663"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/1B08E010C00777BAC2E4F76E255039D6E3257A74_size342_w440_h685.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"685"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/96681EADBD65D28D0BD9B8FD339D555E71CBAB5C_size229_w440_h663.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"663"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/18DD621592FF19DA0F1F206724FBC7A85B0AE3A0_size395_w440_h663.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"663"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/1C95D380C160EDA92C03222AAA557AFBE190303D_size290_w440_h663.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"663"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/6936422BB87FBAA2AC4E5C3CC2E4F4716D196C3C_size426_w440_h663.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"663"}},{"url":"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/mw640_q100\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/A132D871E86B19B19A8D18137AC3A6A0134D1532_size416_w440_h663.png","size":{"width":"440","height":"663"}}],"summary":"作者收藏老张辽国是公元10世纪契丹族在中国北方建立的政权,与五代、北宋并立。辽瓷的生产与五代、宋代的制瓷的工艺技术密切相关,除带有明显的定窑和磁州窑特点外,更具","sharesummary":"作者收藏老张辽国是公元10世纪契丹族在中国北方建立的政权,与五代、北宋并立。辽瓷的生产与五代、宋代的制瓷的工艺技术密切相关,除带有明显的定窑和磁州窑特点外,更具","commentType":"0","wemediaEAccountId":"1447147","showclient":"0","shareurl":"https:\/\/ishare.ifeng.com\/c\/s\/v00279tJFM0F3ihPa7KH4aHz1fV0xHtTAUA0KDXoVmaytOA__","praise":"0","like_num":"0"}}